You did not indicate if this is a corporate phone (BES) or your trying to sync to desktop via DM only so this is the BES issue that generally gives the error message you show.
The second link is for the error message in general
KB11122-Contact lists and calendar entries created in Microsoft Outlook do not synchronize with the BlackBerry smartphone
Another possible solution
KB31838-Error "MAPI Logon Failed" when attempting to sync with BlackBerry Desktop Software